Essay --

Euthanasia is a well- discussed topic that includes multiple perspectives on the ethics of it. This is an important issue for any society to reconcile because it is a life and death issue. Euthanasia is a highly personal decision that can be made for many reasons. The moral and ethical concerns over euthanasia don't take into account the dignity of the one dying. Who decides the quality of a human's life? We did not have the chance to choose if we wanted to come here, so should we be entitled to the honor of choosing to leave? Over the years, the laws and ethical concerns regarding the controversial topic of euthanasia have been questioned repeatedly by society. Many have found it difficult to see their way through the many existing resources without feeling some hopelessness that the conflicting ideas on mercy-killing might one day be resolved. Euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. It is also called â€Å"Physician- Assisted Suicide† or, â€Å"PAS† for short. The term comes from the Greek expression for "good death." Now, this short definition is a cause of debates all over the world. Doctors, politicians, religious leaders, lawyers, and general public argue over the law that would allow or forbid euthanasia. There are only two countries, which allow Physician Assisted Suicide; these are Netherlands and Belgium, and the state of Oregon in the United States. The issue of euthanasia has been an important turn in history for its differing points of view on the ethics. The first usage of the term "euthanasia" was from the historian Suetonius who described how the Emperor Augustus was, "dying quickly and without suffering in the arms of his wife, L... ...eligion does not think that a human being has a right to decide whether to die or not. As previously stated, as it was already mentioned is too subjective, and in general cannot be compared with the human’s sufferings, human’s unbearable pain and freedom to choose whether to continue living or not, and euthanasia should be better legalized in order to gain control over that process. I therefore conclude that no one can claim to truly know whether, or in what circumstances, euthanasia is moral or not. With the differing perspectives and opinions about Physician Assisted Suicide it is possible to try to answer this question by discussing the moral issues, but also it is not easy to say whether euthanasia is ever morally supportable. Of course, euthanasia should be differentiated from simple removal of life support from a patient who has already effectively succumbed.

Marshmallow Test

The Marshmallow Test is a study that was done by Walter Mischel in 1972 to test how children are able to delay gratification and how that might affect them later in life. The four year old children were told they could either eat the first marshmallow in 15 minutes or wait and receive a second marshmallow. They were visited again when they were 20 and the ones who were able to resist temptation had less behavioral problems and did better on their SATs. There are three types of research methods used in this study. One is experimentation. Experimentation is when researchers manipulate certain variables to see how they affect other variables. There are two types of variables, independent and dependent. The independent variable is the variable that might cause an effect. The dependent variable is the variable that shows the outcome of the experiment by showing the effects of the independent variable. In this study the independent variable is the marshmallow, or the ability to delay gratification. The dependent variable is being able to delay gratification as a child makes one less likely to have behavioral problems, and also do better in school. The second type of method used in this study is correlation. Correlation shows how two things relate to each other. In this study, they are the two variables, which are the ability to delay gratitication as a child and how well someone does as a young adult. These two variables correlate by showing that a child who is able to not eat the marshmallow in 15 minutes is more likely to not have behavioral problems later in life and to do better on their SATs. The third method used in this study is observation. Observation studies behaviors as they happen, without any intervention. This study shows that because the person who runs the study observes the children after telling them the rules and does not intervene with how they reacted to the marshmallow, whether that be eating it, playing with it, smelling it, etcetera. They did not interfere with the outcome of the study. In conclusion, this study shows that children who are able to delay gratification are more likely to be able to be more socially competent and get higher test scores.

A Consideration of the Role of Feste in Twelfth Night

Shakespeare portrays Feste as a well-drawn, wise, cunning, adaptable character. His character is used in Twelfth Night to reflect on the actions and emotions of the others by keeping himself at a distance from the other characters and not becoming emotionally involved in any of the plots at the beginning of the play. Feste subtly conveys his messages and thoughts through his songs to the audience about the other characters in the play. He reveals in his songs that Orsino is â€Å"roaming† after the wrong love in his pursuit of Olivia. Feste somewhat becomes the narrator of the play by commenting on actions that occur within the play and foreshadowing events. When Feste first enters into the play he has been absent from Olivia's court a long time and must now return into her favour. He does not want to listen to what Maria says to him and using his quick wit manages to answer her. Feste demonstrates his quick wit and ability to juggle words effectively when he says: Let her hang me; he that is well hanged in this world needs to fear no colours. This remark reveals that Feste does not fear Maria's threats and also reveals his intelligence and his philosophical side for he would rather be hanged than be in a war, â€Å"needs fear no colours†. Shakespeare portrays him as a wise man although the Elizabethan audience might consider him a coward and unpatriotic for not wanting to protect and defend his country. Feste carries the stigma of stupidity, which previous fools in literature have inflicted upon all fools but Shakespeare created Feste as an intelligent fool who would change the audience's perception of the role of fools. Shakespeare displays Feste's skill at juggling words as an example of the differences between Feste and other fools as traditionally fools are considered to be ignorant buffoons who are there to entertain using jokes and juggling objects to create amusement. However, Feste displays his insight about the people surrounding him instead while also offering his thoughts about which ruinous condition he would rather be in, â€Å"many a good hanging prevents a bad marriage†. Here he hints that a bad marriage may take place and that death is better than to be unhappy in life. Feste is not loyal to his mistress like Malvolio is to Olivia and Viola is to Orsino for he wanders through the different courts always in search of favour and money. In Orsino's court he sings of love and how it can kill, â€Å"I am slain by a fair cruel maid† man's folly and man's deceitful nature while in Olivia's court he sings to Sir Toby and Sir Andrew he sings more joyful and careless songs but still reflecting on the characters' actions. When he sings the type of song Sir Toby selected he adds on to it when he sees they like it and makes the song relevant to what is happening and sings about what he has seen as an outsider watching the scenes that are happening. Even when he uses music he acts in his capacity as the fool for the house and is secretly wording the advice he would give to certain other characters in the play should he be allowed to tell them. This illustrates his perceptiveness and ability to adapt to any situation no matter what he is supposed to do. Feste's perceptiveness is used as a device to remember what has happened in Twelfth Night without becoming too involved in the play and not seeing the bigger perspective. Sir Andrew is revealed as even more ignorant than Sir Toby has already portrayed him as Feste uses his skills at juggling words to make up new words, which seem real and genuine to Sir Andrew. Feste uses his role as the fool to poke fun at Sir Andrew and sets him up for further humiliation later on because Sir Andrew stores the words Feste uses in his memory and later uses them in any context to try and convince everyone of his intelligence. As Twelfth Night is a play all about foolery and based on the Feast of Fools it is fitting that Feste should make fun of the lesser characters of the play, which somehow make the audience laugh at them as well. Feste is the centre of amusement and merriment in every situation, providing the entertainment for the others and he does this in many ways. Sir Toby enjoys Feste making fun of Sir Andrew and Feste knows this so he does it to please Sir Toby and Sir Andrew being the person he is doesn't realise this and pays Feste as well. Feste demonstrates his cunning in managing to get money out of two people for different reasons. In Act 4 Feste reveals he is ready to become part of the play and take an active role. The others have tricked Malvolio agrees to dress up as Sir Topas, a curate. He thoroughly enjoys his new role as he is making Malvolio madder and without Malvolio in the way he is more important to his mistress, Olivia. In his role as Sir Topas he is more appealing to Sir Toby as Sir Toby hates Malvolio for his puritan-like ways. Feste's disguise convinces Malvolio that Feste is a real curate and Feste undermines his own character being reluctant to join in and always being himself he is now pretending to be something he is not although he is adapting to this new role he is putting on a different face, which he has never done before. Feste reveals one of his flaws through his disguise when he does not know where is a safe place to stop teasing Malvolio and juggling words. In this way he goes over the top with his role and needs someone to keep him in check but has no one to do this for him. Feste's final song seems to be a perfect ending to Twelfth Night. While this song contains many silly words and phrases designed to make people laugh, it does have a serious side to it that suggest that love and marriage are not the only things in life and that there is not always a happy ending. The song goes through the life cycle from a â€Å"little tiny boy† and reverts all the way back around again to when the â€Å"world begun†. It seems to be about Feste's life in particular and his choice to become a fool. He is saying that becoming a fool was his only way to survive because he could not have succeeded any other way. Shakespeare uses Feste as someone to reflect and a way to end the play fittingly. In Twelfth Night, the fools are the ones that control the comedy and humour in the play. They assist in the make believe game and fool around with characters who â€Å"evade reality or rather realize a dream†. This makes Feste a pivotal character in Twelfth Night as without him many other things could have happened and a lot less humour and jokes would have occurred.

How important is it for the organization Essay

Of many of the problems that the organizations face these days, one of the vital one is of employee dissatisfaction and lower motivation for work. Employees feel dejected and demotivated when their basic needs and requirements are not met; those needs might include hygiene and motivating factors that involve the presence or absence of working conditions, salary, empowerment or authority, job status, social relationships, etc. Organizations need to develop such a Human Resource department that effectively performs its activities by understanding the changing trends of the environment and so the employee needs and requirements. The decisive thing here in this case is that the HR department must scrutinize the productivity level, motivation, direction, attitude, and overall performance of the employees towards their assigned tasks and prosperity of the firm as a whole. HR managers emphasize on keeping the employees motivated, directed, and contented by adapting to several measures; some of which are explained as follows. First of all, the main responsibility of the Human Resource department is to hire or recruit the employees at their very best, who have best available skills and abilities that would result in the provision of value to the organization. The process of hiring and recruiting plays a vital role in determining an employee’s productivity and efficiency. Many organizations use references to hire the applicants, but the clear-cut method based on merit must be adopted. Taking written test, arranging group discussions, and conducting interviews with different managers help the Human Resource department to effectively analyze an applicant’s potential and skills whether he should be hired or not. Second, the managers must consider an employee as a person and treat him with due respect; offensive comments and remarks must not be passed out in order to avoid unwanted consequences. Mutual respect among the managers and employees must be maintained so that employees may feel that they are part of the organization. Third, many employees join the company with their basic motivation of salary; hence the salary package must be handsome enough to make the employee contented or even satisfied. Every human being has some needs as mentioned by Maslow in his pyramid of needs that starts with physiological needs, and then follows safety and security needs, then social and affection needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization. It should be understood at first hand by the managers or supervisors that employees are given enough time, resources, and opportunities to satisfy such basic needs such as, safety and security and physiological needs. Competitive benefits should be offered to the employees by analyzing the industry trends as in how much salary, benefits, or allowances are being paid by the competitors, and then the blend of competitive benefits should be offered. This may include providing compensation packages to the workers according to their job design; such as, low-level or assembly-line workers must be ensured enough security and medicinal allowances. Motivation can be categorized as the key to improved performance, and hence must be developed among the employees. This can be overcome by the managers by properly understanding their needs and wants and acting accordingly to fulfill them. Fourth, showing the chance of being promoted to the upper level definitely creates a sense of motivation among the workers. Often in many organizations, there comes the problem of glass ceiling where women and minorities are not give the chance to be promoted, hence this should not happen in order to keep the employees motivated. Fifth, Human Resource departments have a very significant responsibility of designing tasks, matching them with the employees, and assigning them. Employees, based on their skills and abilities, are assigned the tasks to work on and that suits them the most. Avoiding monotonous jobs and assigning them with interesting and innovating tasks develops interest in doing work and keeps the workers directed. Sixth, managers must create a sense of Task Identity and Task Significance among the employees that is to what extent their jobs are important for the company. Seventh, training is an essential process carried on by the organizations to keep their employees’ skills and capabilities inline with the changing environment. Several of training methods include hiring skilled expertise from various organizations or universities who train the employees for a limited period of time; moreover, organizations also send their employees abroad for training purposes as in to attend conferences or training sessions. Managers can arrange the workshops or lecture sessions within the organization for addressing the latest developments and challenges being occurred in the market or industry. Eighth, timely, accurate, and effective feedback must be provided by the managers to point out the strengths and weakness of the employees in their performance. And, involving the employees in the decision-making processes and empowering them by giving more authority to practice is also another wise strategy to motivate the employees. Often employees are not provided with accurate and corrective feedback such as; they are not pointed out their negatives just because of avoiding unwanted atmosphere or relationships. Therefore, many managers and supervisors prefer providing feedback that is usually positive even if the employee has some negative points about his work or attitude. Another issue is of providing of feedback from supervisors with whom the employee has good relationships or who favors the employee in each and every aspect of work life. This results in overvaluation of an employee, hence giving him points more than actually he deserves. Therefore, in order to have an effective feedback program, human resource departments must ensure that they adapt the 360 degree feedback method, which involves the provision of feedback from various sources such as, managers, directors, supervisors, colleagues, and peers. This method is very effective since it confirms different sorts of feedback provided by different sources. Consequently, to sum up the essay, we can say that the role of Human resource departments in almost every organization is like that of a brain in a human body. Since this is the era of globalization and immense competition, hence organizations are seeking to cut costs, save time, and be effective and efficient in carrying on their business activities. All the roles and responsibilities of the Human Resource department mentioned above do have significant importance because if they are performed effectively and wisely, they can result in saving huge amount of costs for the organization. Moreover, effective implementation of such measures and tactics can result in providing a company with great talent, expertise, working environment, high sales, high profits, high growth, good reputation, and most of all, efficiency.

Human Nature and Social values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Nature and Social values - Essay Example - Custom represents the experiences of men of earlier times as to what they supposed useful and harmful - but the sense for custom (morality) applies, not to these experiences as such, but to the age, the sanctity, the indiscussability of the custom. And so this feeling is a hindrance to the acquisition of new experiences and the correction of customs: that is to say, morality is a hindrance to the development of new and better customs: it makes stupid†.(from Nietzsches Daybreak, s.19, R.J. Hollingdale transl.) 4. The crisis of family values. It is the phenomenon that spreads all over the world. The proof for this is the resolution of the World Family Congress in Prague that was held in 1997 and continues in Geneva in 1999. Here the family crisis was discussed. It is worth mentioning that family crisis is reflected on many spheres of life of any society. Family is the main social institute and guarantee for the moral values. It is a fact that many countries experienced Cultural Revolution, materialism and sexual revolution that caused the discrimination of some aesthetic morals. Then the hedonistic societies were formed. As a result such society gets extramarital relationships, abortions, and unwed mothers. (Smith, 1990) There is a tendency that many young people pay more attention to their work now and they are not family-oriented. Nevertheless it is very difficult to judge as it was mentioned above. Probably now, when people have a special way of life and have firm goals they will be more successful and will not have any historical mistakes in future. (Reamer, 1999) â€Å"What is new, however, is always evil, being that which wants to conquer and overthrow the old boundary markers and the old pieties; and only what is old is good. The good men are in all ages those who dig the old thoughts, digging deep and getting them to bear fruit - the farmers of the spirit. But eventually all land is depleted, and the ploughshare of evil must come

Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Statistics - Assignment Example of industrial explosion and were under age 40 at the time of accident had heightened concentrations of dioxin in their blood and that each tenfold increase in dioxin level was associated with a doubling of the risk of breast cancer. a) In any experiments, it is required to select sample randomly. If the subjects were not assigned to the diets randomly instead of letting people pick what they wanted to eat, than there may be possibility of adding another factor (in this case subject’s choice) introduced to the experiments. Thus, it will be difficult to say which factor influenced blood pressure more effectively, subject’s choice what they wanted to eat or diet type. Randomization allows us to equalize the effects of unknown or uncontrollable sources of variation. It does not eliminate the effects of these sources, but it spreads them out across the treatment levels so that we can see past them. c) The researchers need the control group because than they will be able to compare the blood pressure of groups based on different diet only. If the DASH diet group’s mean blood pressure was lower at the end of the experiment than at the beginning that would only mean that DASH diet lowered the blood pressure. This will not mean how much effective DASH diet is compared to other diets. Further, in an experiment it is required to control sources of variation other than the factors we are testing by making conditions as similar as possible for all treatment groups. d) We would need additional information standard error of difference (or sample standard deviations and sizes for DASH diet group and control group) in order to decide whether an average reduction in blood pressure of 6.7 points was statistically

Commercial Production of Vitamin C Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commercial Production of Vitamin C - Assignment Example Vitamin c, chemically is Ascorbic acid, It naturally occurs in fruits and vegetables, it is a vital substance ,and is water salable, Human body can not synthesize Vitamin c, nor can it store it , therefore the body requirements needs to be full filled from diet, through absorption from the gut. Historically, the deficiency of dietary in take can lead to a disease called Scurvy.. In 1 8th century the sailors and solders who used to be ,on ship for long time and there food was deficient in fruits and vegetables would develop scurvy, main symptoms of scurvy are , bleeding gums, bone and Joint pain nerve disorders and death.. , East India company appointed surgeon general MR Jhon woodall, who recommends in his book the use of lemon juice for the prevention and cure of Scurvy. In the year 1912 MR Casimir Funk a polish American, developed the concept of vitamins, he thought that they are micro constituent of diet and are essential for health, he named them vitamins because he thought they are vital and chemically are amino acids., from 1928 till 1933 MR Joseph L Svivly and MR Albert Szent Gyeryl of Hungary and An independent American MR Charls Glin King first isolated the anti Scorbutic factor and named it Ascorbic acid . British chemists Sir Walter Norman Haworth in 1933 till1934 synthesized vitamin C and hence made it cheaply available, for this contribution he was awarded the Noble prize of medicine in 1937.... pregnancy, sickness and lactation the daily requirement increases .Many folds Properties of Vitamin C, and Uses vitamin C is needed as a dietary supplement , for humans and pets, like humans some animals can not synthesize the substance hence they need it on daily basis, Vitamin C is also used in Industry as food preservative , in fruit juices beverages, that is because of its antioxidant properties, it is used to preserve color , taste in many food products. Vitamin c removes the oxygen from the surroundings to become oxidized, by this action it acts as an antioxidant, oxidation is responsible for the brown color that develops in fruits ,once exposed to oxygen., by oxidation the phenols in the fruits are converted to Melanins,, Melanins are brown in color. Those fruits which turn brown on cutting , like apple bananas, have a phenols, these Page 3 Phenols, in presence of oxygen and metal can turn quickly into Quinns., which are harmful.. Vitamin C is added to fruit juices to improve taste , preserve nutritional value and to preserve the color In meat industry Vitamin C is used for its antioxidant properties, Vitamin C 1 accelerate color development, prevents Color fading , inhibits nitrosamine formation, and 2 prevents oxidation.." Vitamin c is more stable in amber colored containers ,and glass containers than in white ,and brown containers." ( Ahmed AA p 3 ). 3 "Vitamin C can improve the bread dough, where it improves the dough texture and loaf volume. " (Hosney R